Chewing Lab Part 2

Me vs. Dante
Chewy vs. Soft

In this lab, it was me and Dante that we were comparing the difference with chewing the same thing. As you can tell with this lab, on multiple examples, Dante had a lot higher mV's than I did. The cause to this could be that the candy could have been hard for him to chew than it was for me. With most samples you can see that they are always very close especially with the clenching process. It seemed like we were pretty even on the hard foods also, but very different on the banana bread.

Chewing Lab

Kabrina vs Rayven
Chewy vs. Soft

In this lab we did the same experiment with the chewy vs. soft. The only difference we had was we used two different people testing a variety of foods. The did more of a sour and spicy version of it. You can see with this experiment that on the m&m portion, Kabrina was very different then Rayven. On the other two they were pretty close on their graphs. Although it was weird how different they were on the resting area, it could have been that Kabrina was more relaxed though. Overall, they had very similar results besides the m&ms.

Broken Bones.

The types of fracture you can get include:

A comminuted fracture is when a bone is broken into two pieces. At the very least, three separate parts of the bone must be broken in order for this to be considered a comminuted fracture.
A greenstick fracture includes an incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends
Transverse is when the fracture is perpendicular to the axis of the bone
The compound fracture has to do with the bone ending and penetrates the skin
Spiral fracture is a ragged break and the bone is excessively twisted, common with sport injuries.

Epiphyseal fracture is when the epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal line and it occurs where cartilage cells are dying.

Compression fracture is when the whole bone is crushed as you can see above.

The depressed fracture looks like the worst to me but it occurs when a broken bone portion is pressed forward. This is the typical skull fracture.

The nondisplaced fracture above shows that the bone ends assume the same position. 

Displaced fracture is when the bone is out of complete alignment.

The complete fracture has to do with the whole bone being broken all the way through.

Article. Bionic Body.

The article talked about how two struggling engineer scientists, Joseph Vacanti and Bob Langer, tried over and over again to try and create the perfect replacement tissue. Together, they tried to make it possible that if you were for example missing an ear or body part, you could take out biodegradable scaffold in your body to create it. For instance, they grew on a mouse showing how it worked properly with the body functions. The main idea I got that this could help with is when people get arthitis, there would now be a cure so you could create new muscular tissue in the body. It does mention also that it isn't an easy task to create this "perfect tissue-engineered cells."  Studies have came to show that it is easiest for tissue to become sheet like cartilage to form under pressure. And according to Naughton, liver tissue can form better in microgravity surroundings. All they really need now to make this process complete and successful is the "perfect" scaffold that can keep out waste and take in good nutrients. In the long run, this could be very helpful to society because we can use it to help make our bodies have the things we're lacking or prevent disease such as cardiovascular disease.
The main reason importance of this article is that it can help society in many different ways. This can help with if your missing important tissues you can just use other cells in your body to reproduce those cells using scaffold cells. It can also be a solution to disease you can form in your body because now you are able to get implants of these cells that aren't infected. You do need to mimick the enviroment in which your cells grow to produce this, but in the future I think they figure out an easier way to do this. It could one day be one of the greatest invention after they master creating the more complex organs . All this coming from two men that failed for so long, but now have one of the best creations known to man-kind. 

EPITHELIAL TISSUE.

Simple Squamous epithelial.

Characteristics: Single-layer of flattened cells and disc-like nuclei and sparse cytoplasm.
Function: diffusion and filteration and provide a slick, friction-reducing lining in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
Found in: Kidneys, glomeruli, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae

Simple Cuboidal

Characteristics: One single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei. This single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei may contain many cilia.
Functions: in secretion and absorption.
Found in: Nonciliated line digestive tract and gallbladder. . Ciliated line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and regions in the uterus.
The purpose of the cilia is to help move substances through internal passageways.


Simple Columnar

Characteristics: Single layer cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
Function: in secretion and absorption.
Location: Kidneys tubules, ducts, secretory portions in small glands, and ovary surfaces.


Pseudostratified

Characterisics: Single layer of cels, with a variety of heights; some not reaching the free surface. The nuclei is seen at different layers.

Function: in secretion and propulsion of mucus.
Location: male sperm-carrying ducts (non-ciliated) and in trachea(ciliated) 


Stratified Squamous 

Characteristics: Thick membrane consisting of several layers of cells 

Function: Protection of the underlying areas subject to abrasion
Location: forms the external part of the skin's epidermis (keratinized cells) and the lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina (nonkeratinized cells)

Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar

Characteristics: Stratified cubodial is rare in the body, but found in some mammary and sweat glands. It can possibly be two layers thick.
Stratified columnar has limited distribution throughout the body.
Location: pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts

Transitional: 

Characteristics: Several layers of cells, bascal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped
Function: Stretched to permit the distension of the urinary bladder
Location: lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and parts of the urethra.

tissues. .

Homeostatis Lab

Medical Terms

The medical terms contain to the body parts and how close they are together on your body. If they are closer together they are considered proximal and the farther they are from one another they are distal. You can remember distal because it sounds close to distance. An example of distal would be your foot to your knee because they aren't closely connected but somehow they are connected. One example of proximal would be your wrist to your hand because they are very close together. When you think of how your food your food is processed to cleanse your body after all the food that you eat, you have to think about metabolism. Most people know what this word means because it has to do with everyday life. The word superficial remind me of something being fake or not real, but for this certain subject it just means "on the surface" so it is visible to us. The word similarly related to this would be deep meaning that you can't see it. So superficial and deep aren't exactly what they sound like, but you just have to remember to flip the definitions to get it right. There are two parts of the body you have to remember and one is superior and inferior. Superior is the top half of your body such as your head and everything up there. The inferior part of your body would be the lower part of your body such as your feet. These words seem harder to remember but if you can just look at the words closely such as distal meaning close to distance and think of superficial as being the opposite of what it means to us now, you can keep track of what all these definitions.

Organizational levels. .

When you think of what really makes up the body, it comes to be a process of how smaller things turn into bigger elements one by one. First you have a chemical base that is atoms combined to form molecules. The cellular part of your body are cells made of those molecules made in the chemical process. The tissue in your body consists of cells made before this process. This tissue is then used to create the organs in your body structure. Organs are then used to make up the organ system creating them to work together in this system. All of these processes then make up the organismal which consists of the whole body structure. Creating all these elements of the body to work together and sort of combine or help out the body structure they have created over time.

Homeostasis

When I think about homeostasis I think of how your body reacts to how fast your body is moving based on what your doing to make it work harder or not at all. Such as when you are running,  your body is using more energy to keep it going but at the same time it is using other fluids in your body and making those levels lower until you contain those fluids again. The body works hard to maintain a norm, but eventually it   does not function the way it should due to the levels of glucose going down while you run or working out. Now when you just sit around, it takes a lot longer for your body levels to start going down because your body is not working as hard or burning as many calories in your body. Negative feedback is when your body is lacking levels of things such as glucose, but because your body stores it, it can produced the stored glucose and put it back into your blood stream. Eventually you will need to refuel yourself with glucose, but your body can keep its norm for awhile.